What Is Osteoarthritis in Cats?

Osteoarthritis in cats is a common but often overlooked condition that affects the joints and can gradually reduce a cat’s comfort, movement, and quality of life. Many owners are surprised to learn that cats can suffer from arthritis, as they often hide pain very well. Changes may be subtle at first, but with the right support, many cats with osteoarthritis can continue to enjoy a good quality of life.

In this guide, we explain what osteoarthritis in cats is, the signs to look out for, how it is diagnosed, and what treatment options may help. This article is intended for general guidance only and should not replace professional veterinary advice. If your pet is unwell or showing concerning symptoms, please contact your veterinary surgeon.

What is osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis, sometimes called arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a long-term condition that causes the smooth surfaces inside a joint to wear down over time. Healthy joints allow bones to move smoothly and comfortably. In a cat with osteoarthritis, the joint becomes inflamed, stiff, and painful, making movement more difficult.

This condition most commonly affects older cats, but it can also develop in younger cats, especially if they have had an injury, joint abnormality, or past orthopaedic problem. Commonly affected areas include the elbows, hips, knees, shoulders, and spine.

How common is arthritis in cats?

Osteoarthritis is very common in older cats, although it is frequently missed because cats are masters at hiding discomfort. Unlike dogs, cats may not obviously limp or cry out. Instead, they often adapt their behaviour quietly.

Many owners assume their cat is simply slowing down with age, when in fact joint pain may be playing a part. Spotting the signs early can help your veterinary surgeon put together a treatment plan that improves comfort and mobility.

What causes osteoarthritis in cats?

Osteoarthritis develops when the cartilage within a joint becomes damaged or wears away. Cartilage acts as a protective cushion between bones. As it deteriorates, the joint becomes less smooth and more painful to use.

There are several possible causes and risk factors, including:

• Age-related wear and tear
• Previous joint injuries or trauma
• Joint abnormalities, such as hip dysplasia
• Obesity, which puts extra strain on the joints
• Past surgery affecting a joint
• Abnormal joint development earlier in life

In many cats, osteoarthritis develops gradually over time rather than from one single cause.

Signs of osteoarthritis in cats

The symptoms of arthritis in cats can be easy to miss, especially in the early stages. Rather than showing obvious lameness, many cats simply change how they move or behave at home.

Common signs to watch for

• Reluctance to jump up or down
• Hesitation when using stairs
• Sleeping more than usual
• Stiffness, especially after resting
• Reduced grooming, leading to a scruffy coat
• Overgrooming painful areas
• Changes in temperament, such as becoming grumpy or withdrawn
• Difficulty getting into the litter tray
• Reduced activity or play
• Less interest in climbing or exploring

Some cats may also toileting outside the litter tray if climbing in becomes uncomfortable. Others may stop using favourite raised sleeping spots because jumping is too painful.

How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?

If you suspect your cat may have arthritis, it is important to speak to your veterinary surgeon. Diagnosis usually starts with a discussion about your cat’s behaviour at home, as these day-to-day changes are often very helpful.

Your vet may then carry out:

• A physical examination to assess joint movement, stiffness, and discomfort
• A gait assessment to observe how your cat moves
• X-rays or other imaging, where appropriate
• An assessment of weight, muscle condition, and general health

Sometimes a cat may have clear signs of osteoarthritis even if changes on X-rays are mild. Your vet will look at the whole picture rather than relying on one test alone.

Treatment options for osteoarthritis in cats

There is no complete cure for osteoarthritis, but there are several ways to help manage it and improve your cat’s comfort. Treatment plans are often tailored to the individual cat and may involve a combination of approaches.

Pain relief and prescription treatment

Pain management is often a very important part of treatment. Your veterinary surgeon may prescribe medication designed to reduce pain and inflammation. It is essential to use only medicines prescribed specifically for your cat, as many human painkillers are dangerous for cats.

If your cat has been prescribed medication, you can browse cat prescription products or read our guide on how to order a prescription medicine. We also provide helpful prescription FAQs for owners who want to understand the process more clearly.

Weight management

If a cat is overweight, even a small amount of weight loss can reduce pressure on painful joints. Keeping your cat at a healthy body condition is one of the most effective ways to support long-term joint comfort.

Your veterinary surgeon can advise on a safe weight management plan. Choosing an appropriate diet may also help, and some owners find it useful to explore options within our cat food & treats range if dietary support is recommended.

Joint supplements

Some cats may benefit from joint support supplements, particularly as part of a wider mobility plan. These may contain ingredients intended to support joint health, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fatty acids, or green-lipped mussel, depending on the product.

If you are considering additional support, you can browse our cat joint care and cat supplements collections. It is always worth checking with your veterinary surgeon before starting a new supplement, especially if your cat is already on medication.

Home adjustments

Simple changes around the home can make a big difference to an arthritic cat.

• Provide easy access to food, water, and litter trays
• Use low-sided litter trays if stepping in is difficult
• Place ramps or steps near favourite resting places
• Offer soft, warm bedding in easy-to-reach areas
• Keep essential resources on one level where possible
• Reduce the need for jumping

These environmental adjustments can help reduce strain on sore joints and encourage your cat to stay active and independent.

Encouraging gentle movement

Although you do not want to force an arthritic cat to move too much, gentle everyday activity can help prevent stiffness. Encourage natural movement through easy access to comfortable resting places, food, and toys. Some cats enjoy short play sessions, but these should always be led by the cat and stopped if they seem uncomfortable.

Can osteoarthritis in cats get worse?

Osteoarthritis is usually a progressive condition, which means it can worsen over time if not managed. However, progression and severity vary from cat to cat. Early recognition and ongoing support can make a real difference.

Regular veterinary check-ups are important so your cat’s treatment plan can be reviewed and adjusted if needed. If your cat seems less comfortable, stops jumping, becomes withdrawn, or shows any new symptoms, it is a good idea to book a reassessment.

When should you contact a veterinary surgeon?

You should contact your veterinary surgeon if your cat:

• Shows signs of pain or stiffness
• Has difficulty jumping, climbing, or using the litter tray
• Becomes quieter, less social, or irritable
• Has sudden lameness or worsening mobility
• Stops eating, grooming, or behaving normally

Sudden or severe pain, collapse, or marked difficulty walking should always be treated as urgent.

Supporting your cat long term

Living with osteoarthritis does not mean your cat cannot still enjoy life. With the right mix of veterinary care, pain relief where needed, weight control, and practical home support, many arthritic cats remain happy and comfortable for years.

Monitoring your cat closely at home is one of the most valuable things you can do. Small behavioural changes can provide important clues and help your veterinary surgeon tailor treatment over time.

Conclusion

Osteoarthritis in cats is a common condition that can easily be mistaken for normal ageing, but recognising the signs early can help your cat stay more comfortable and mobile. If your cat seems reluctant to jump, less active, or different in their usual habits, it is worth speaking to your veterinary surgeon for advice.

At Vetscriptions, we are here to help UK pet owners access genuine pet medicines and healthcare products responsibly. You can explore our cat collection, including cat joint care, cat pain relief products, and prescription support information. If you are unsure what your cat needs, please contact your veterinary practice first, and if you have questions about ordering, you can also visit our contact page.

With the right care and support, many cats with arthritis can continue to lead contented, comfortable lives. From all of us at Vetscriptions, we are here to help you make informed choices for your pet’s health and wellbeing.